
What Are Wampum Beads?
Wampum beads originate from two coastal shell sources:
- Quahog (hard‑shelled clam) — found abundantly from Cape Cod through Rhode Island and Long Island Sound, producing the iconic purple and white beads.
- North Atlantic channeled whelk — a spiral sea snail common along the New England shoreline, used to create white tubular beads.
For Indigenous communities across the Northeastern Woodlands, wampum served as:
- A medium of gift exchange
- A symbolic record‑keeping material
- A ceremonial and diplomatic tool
- A highly valued trade item
European colonists quickly recognized its value. With metal currency scarce in early New England, wampum evolved into a regional currency, especially after European metal drill bits made bead production faster. Coastal nations — notably the Narragansett and Pequot — became the primary manufacturers and distributors of wampum throughout southern New England.



Resources to Learn Beadwork Techniques





andles to carry them. Shallow trays or round containers with the inside treated with pitch can be used to cook food or carry liquids. Fish Creels with small openings in the lid hold the fisherman’s catch of the day.






